Chapter 17 of 56
Honoré de Balzac
ãªãã¬ã»ãã»ãã«ã¶ãã¯
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Born 1799; died 1850.
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1799幎çãŸãã 1850å¹Žã«æ»å»ã
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âPerhaps the greatest name in the post-Revolutionary literature of Franceâ [78 : 304].
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ãããããé©åœåŸã®ãã©ã³ã¹æåŠã®äžã§æãå倧ãªååã[78 : 304]ã
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And well summed up by a still more recent writer, W. P. Trent [3 : 566]:
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ãããŠãããã«æè¿ã®äœå®¶ãW. P. ãã¬ã³ã [3 : 566] ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ããŸããŸãšããŠããŸãã
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âThe unexpected,â he tells us, âsometimes happens, as I discovered recently when I finished the fiftieth volume of M. Calmann Levyâs popular edition of the works of Balzac. I had thought that the completion of Horaceâs odes and Shakespeareâs plays, and of the âOdyssey,â marked the three chief epochs in my own intellectual life, and that I might not likely be so stirred, so swept away again, by any book or by any author. But I had erred. Balzac, whose novels taken singly had moved me powerfully, but had not often swept me away, whom I had made a companion of for years without fully comprehendingâthis Balzac, when viewed in the light of his total and stupendous achievements, suddenly stood out before me in his full stature and might, as one of the few genuine world geniuses that our race can point to with legitimate and unshakable pride. I had emerged from the âComédie Humaineâ just as I had emerged from the Homeric poems and from the plays of Shakespeare, feeling that I had traversed a world and been in the presence of a veritable creator.â
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ãäºæãã¬ããšãæã èµ·ããã®ã§ãããšåœŒã¯èšãããæè¿ãM. ã«ã«ãã³ã»ã¬ãŽã£ã®ãã«ã¶ãã¯äœåã®æ®åç第 50 å·»ãèªã¿çµãããšãã«æ°ã¥ããŸããããç§ã¯ããã¬ã¹ã®é æãšã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ã®æ¯æ²ããããŠããªãã¥ãã»ã€ã¢ãã®å®æããç§èªèº«ã®ç¥ççæŽ»ã«ãããäžã€ã®äž»èŠãªæä»£ãç»ããã®ã§ãããã©ã®æ¬ãã©ã®äœå®¶ã«ãã£ãŠããããã»ã©å¿ãæºãã¶ãããåã³æŒãæµãããããšã¯ãªãã ããããšæã£ãŠãããããããç§ã¯ééã£ãŠããŸããããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®å°èª¬ã¯ãåç¬ã§èªãã§ãç§ã«åŒ·çãªæåãäžããããå®å šã«ã¯çè§£ã§ããªããŸãŸäœå¹Žã仲éã«ããŠããç§ãæŒãã®ããããšã¯ããŸããªãã£ãââãã®ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ã圌ã®ç·åçã§é©ç°çãªæ¥çžŸã«ç §ãããŠèŠããšãçªç¶ããã®èº«é·ãšå匷ãã§ç§ã®åã«éç«ã¡ãç§ãã¡ã®æ°æãæ£åœã§ââæºãããªãèªããæã£ãŠæã瀺ãããšãã§ããæ°å°ãªãçã®äžçç倩æã®äžäººãšããŠãç§ã®åã«çŸãããç§ã¯ãã¡ãã¹ã®è©©ãã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ã®æ¯æ²ããæãåºããã®ãšåãããã«ããã³ã¡ãã£ã»ãã¥ãŒã¡ã€ã³ãããæãåºããŠãäžçãæšªæããçã®åµé äž»ã®èšåã«ãããšæããŠããŸãããã
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Still another and even more recent writer may be quoted to the same effect. H. T. Peck [128a: 245] sums up the result of his studies as follows: âThe place which this great genius must ultimately hold in literary history has not yet been definitely settled. French critics link his name with that of Shakespeare, while English critics seem to think that a comparison like this is very daring. My own belief is that at the last his name will be placed higher still than Shakespeareâs, at the very apex of a pyramid of literary fame.â
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ããã«å¥ã®ãããã«æè¿ã®äœå®¶ãåãè¶£æšã§åŒçšããŠãããããããŸããã H. T. ãã㯠[128a: 245] ã¯ç ç©¶ã®çµæã次ã®ããã«èŠçŽããŠãã: ããã®å倧ãªå€©æãæåŠå²ã®äžã§æçµçã«å ããã¹ãå°äœã¯ããŸã æç¢ºã«ã¯å®ãŸã£ãŠããªãããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ¹è©å®¶ã¯åœŒã®ååãã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ã®ååãšçµã³ã€ããããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æ¹è©å®¶ã¯ãã®ãããªæ¯èŒã¯éåžžã«å€§èã§ãããšèããŠããããã ãç§èªèº«ã®ä¿¡å¿µã¯ãæçµçã«åœŒã®ååã¯ã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ãããããã«é«ããæåŠã®ãã©ãããã®ãŸãã«é ç¹ã«äœçœ®ããã ãããšããããšã ãå声ãã
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âSearch as one may, there is no complete life of Balzac. There are still unpublished letters and papers in the possession of the Vicomte de Spoelberch de Lovenjoul, a compatriot who thoroughly understood him; but adding these to all that has been written, it is still doubtful if the real man will be found behind them. Expansive at times, yet he withdrew from the knowledge of others. There are periods in his life when he disappears, lies
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concealed from sight, and each must interpret for himself the secret that made his power and insures his fame.â
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ç®ã«èŠããªããšããã«é ãããŠãããåèªãèªåã®åãçã¿åºããå声ãä¿èšŒããç§å¯ãèªåã§è§£éããªããã°ãªããŸãããã
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Balzac put the following words into the mouth of Dante, who he tells us was a âSpecialist.â Balzac was himself a â Specialist.â The words will therefore apply as well to him as to Dante: âAnd so that poor lad thinks himself an angel exiled from heaven. Who among us has the right to undeceive him? Is it 1? I who am so often lifted above this earth by magic power ; I who belong to God; I who am to myself a mystery? Have I not seen the most beautiful of all angels [the Cosmic Sense] living on this base earth? Is the lad either more or less beside himself than I am? Has he taken a bolder step into faith? He believes; his belief will doubtless lead him into some luminous path like that in which I walkâ [9 : 263].
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That Balzac stood apart from and on a higher plane than ordinary men was divined during his life and has been perceived by thousands since his death. Taine, groping after an explanation of the obvious fact, says: âHis instrument was intuition, that dangerous and superior faculty by which man imagines or discovers in an isolated fact all the possibilities of which it is capable; a kind of second sight proper to prophets and somnambules, who sometimes find the true, who often find the false, and who commonly attain only verisimilitudeâ [6 : 12].
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G. F. Parsons, in his introduction to ââ Louis Lambert,â comes nearer it when he asks: âWhether the condition [of chronic ecstasy, in which the patientâi. e., Louis Lambertâreally Balzac himselfâseems withdrawn] may not be the consequence of an illumination so much higher than that vouchsafed mankind at large as to transcend expressionâto separate the recipient from intellectual contact with his fellows by revealing to his inner sense untranslatable thingsâ [6 : 11].
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Gã»Fã»ããŒãœã³ãºã¯ããã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒããã®åºæã®äžã§ã次ã®ããã«å°ããŠããã®ããšã«ããã«è¿ã¥ããŠããŸãã e.ãã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒããå®éã«ã¯ãã«ã¶ãã¯èªèº«ãåŒã£èŸŒãã§ããããã«èŠãã] ã¯ã衚çŸãè¶ è¶ãã人é¡å šäœã®ä¿èšŒãããã¯ããã«é«åºŠãªç §æã®çµæã§ã¯ãªããããããªããã€ãŸããå ãªãæèŠã«ç¿»èš³äžå¯èœãªãã®ãæããã«ããããšã«ãã£ãŠãåä¿¡è ã仲éãšã®ç¥çæ¥è§ŠããåŒãé¢ããšããããšã§ãããã[6:11]ã
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This last seems to be the simple truth, Balzac, very clearly, having been a well marked case of Cosmic Consciousness. The evidence that he was so resides (1) in the fact of his life as observed by others, and (2) in his own revelations as to his inner self. The first series of facts may be gathered from his biography, compiled by K. P. Wormeley, largely from memoirs written by Balzacâs sister LaureâMadame Surville ; the second from Balzacâs own writings, and chiefly from âLouis Lambertâ and ââSeraphita.â And first as to his outer life as revealing the inner: Miss W. says: âA complete life of Balzac cannot be written at the present time and possibly never can be. Nearly the whole of what he was to himself, what his own being was, what were the influences that molded it, how that eye that saw the manifold lives of others saw his own life, how that soul which crowned its earthly
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ãã®æåŸã¯åçŽãªçå®ã®ããã§ãããã«ã¶ãã¯ãéåžžã«æããã«ãå®å®æèã®é¡èãªäºäŸã§ããã圌ãããã ã£ããšãã蚌æ ã¯ã(1) ä»äººãã芳å¯ããã圌ã®äººçã®äºå®ããã㊠(2) å ãªãèªå·±ã«ã€ããŠã®åœŒèªèº«ã®å瀺ã«ãããŸããæåã®äžé£ã®äºå®ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®åйããŒã«ãããã ã»ã·ã¥ã«ãŽã£ã«ãæžããåæ³é²ããäž»ã«ãKã»Pã»ãŠã©ãŒã ãªãŒã«ãã£ãŠç·šçºããã圌ã®äŒèšããéãããããããããªãã 2çªç®ã¯ãã«ã¶ãã¯èªèº«ã®èäœããã®ãã®ã§ãäž»ã«ãã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒã«ããšãã»ã©ãã£ãŒã¿ãããã®ãã®ã§ãããããŠãŸããå é¢ãæããã«ãã圌ã®å€é¢ã®äººçã«ã€ããŠããã¹ã»Wã¯ããèšããŸãïŒããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®å®å šãªç涯ã¯ãçŸæç¹ã§ã¯æžãããšãã§ããŸããããããããæ±ºããŠæžããªãã§ãããããã«ã¶ãã¯ãèªåèªèº«ã«ãšã£ãŠäœã§ãã£ããã圌èªèº«ã®ååšãäœã§ãã£ãããããã圢äœã£ã圱é¿ã¯äœã§ãã£ãããä»äººã®å€æ§ãªäººçãèŠããã®ç®ã¯èªåã®äººçãã©ã®ããã«èŠãŠããã®ããå°äžã®é ç¹ã«èŒããéãã©ã®ããã«èŠããã®ãããã®ã»ãŒãã¹ãŠãæžãããŠããŸãã
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work with a vision of the living word was nurturedâwhat that soul was, in short, has been concealed from sightâ [4:1]. âIn all estimates of Balzacâs nature attention must be paid to the fact that he was eminently sound and healthy in mind and body. Though his spirit rose to regions that could be reached only by intuition, and ruminated over problems the study of which we associate with fragility of body and aloofness from things of life, he was at the same time, and quite as thoroughly, a man with human instincts, loving life and enjoying it. In this lies, no doubt, one of the secrets of his power. It was a part of the many-sidedness of his genius; it enabled him to actually live and have his being in the men and women whom he evoked from the depths and heights of human nature. His temperament was, above all things, genial and his humor gay; no pressure of worldly anxiety and debt, no crushing toil, no hidden grief, with which the man, like the child in his cell, was acquainted, could destroy that healthy cheerfulness or prevent the rebound into hearty or even jovial gaiety. âRobustâ is the word that seems to suit him on the material side of his nature, applying even to his mental processes. He was gifted with a strong common sense, which guided his judgment on men and circumstancesâ [4 : 58-9].
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While still very young Balzac decided to be a writer. It seems that he felt, even as a boy, that he was destined to do something great in that line, and he composed at school, among other things, a treatise on the will and an epic poem. Later he wrote at Paris, in the course of ten years, mostly over the pseudonymn of âHorace de Saint Aubin,â some forty volumes, said to be almost entirely valueless. A good authority [106: 87] sums up this episode in Balzacâs history as follows: âBefore he was thirty years old he had published, under a variety of pseudonyms, some twenty long novels, veritable Grub Street productions, written in sordid Paris attics, in poverty, in perfect obscurity. Several of these âceuvres de jeunesseâ have lately been republished, but the best of them are unreadable. No writer ever served harder apprenticeship to his art, or lingered more hopelessly at the base of the ladder of fame.â
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ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ãŸã 幌ããã¡ã«äœå®¶ã«ãªãããšã決æããŸããã圌ã¯å°å¹Žãªããã«ãèªåã¯ãã®éã§äœãå倧ãªããšãããéåœã«ãããšæããŠããããã§ãåŠæ ¡ã§éºèšæžãåäºè©©ãªã©ãå·çããããã®åŸã圌ã¯ããªã§10幎éãããŠãã»ãšãã©ãŸã£ãã䟡å€ã®ãªããšèšãããŠããçŽ40å·»ã®ããªã¬ã¹ã»ãã»ãµã³ã»ããŒãã³ãã®ãã³ããŒã ãäžå¿ã«å·çãããåªããæš©åš[106:87]ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®æŽå²ã«ããããã®ãšããœãŒããæ¬¡ã®ããã«èŠçŽããŠãã:ã圌ã¯30æ³ã«ãªãåã«ãããŸããŸãªãã³ããŒã ã§ã20åã»ã©ã®é·ç·šå°èª¬ããŸãããã°ã©ãã»ã¹ããªãŒãã®äœåãåºçããŠããããããã¯èæ±ãããªã®å±æ ¹è£éšå±ã§ãè²§å°ã®äžã§ããŸã£ããã®ç¡åã®ãã¡ã«æžããããããããã®ãè¥è ã®è©©ãã®ããã€ãã¯æè¿ååºçãããŸãããããã®ãã¡ã®æé«ã®ãã®ã¯èªãããšãã§ããŸãããããã»ã©èªåã®èžè¡ã«å¯ŸããŠå³ããä¿®è¡ãç©ã¿ãå声ã®ã¯ããã®åºèŸºã§çµ¶æçã«çãŸã£ãŠããäœå®¶ã¯ããªããã
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Then, at the age of thirty, his genius began to dawn in âLes Chouansâ and â Physiologie du Marriage.â He must have entered Cosmic Consciousness about the early part of 1831, when thirty-two years of age, since â Louis Lambertâ (which was undoubtedly conceived immediately after illumination) was written in 1832. By 1833, when he was thirty-four years of age, he had entered into full possession of his true life, a presentiment of which had dominated him from early boyhood.
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Madame Surville says: âIt was not until 1833, about the time of the
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publication of the â Médecin de Campagne,â that he first thought of collecting all his personages together and forming a complete society. The day when this idea burst upon his mind was a glorious day for him. He started from the Rue Cassini, where he had taken up his abode after leaving the Rue de Tournon, and rushed to the faubourg Poissonniere, where I was then living.
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â*Make your bow to me,â he said to us, joyously ; âI am on the highroad to become a genius!â
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âHe then unfolded his plan, which frightened him a little, for no matter how vast his brain might be, it needed time to work out a scheme like that.
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ããããã圌ã¯èªåã®èšç»ãæããã«ããŸããããããã¯åœŒãå°ãæããããŸããã圌ã®é è³ãã©ãã»ã©åºå€§ã§ãã£ãŠãããã®ãããªèšç»ãç·Žãäžããã«ã¯æéãå¿ èŠã ã£ãããã§ããã
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â*How glorious it will be if I succeed,â he said, walking up and down the room. He could not keep still; joy radiated from every feature. âI'll willingly let them call me @ maker of tales, all the while that I am cutting stones for my edifice. I gloat in advance over the astonishment of those nearsighted creatures as they see it rise!ââ [4 : 83].
JA
ã*ããç§ãæåããããã©ããªã«çŽ æŽãããã ããããšåœŒã¯éšå±ãè¡ã£ããæ¥ããããªããèšã£ãã圌ã¯ãã£ãšããŠããããšãã§ããããã¹ãŠã®ç¹åŸŽããåã³ãæŸå°ãããŠããããç§ãèªåã®å»ºç©ã®ããã«ç³ãåãåºããŠããéã¯ãåãã§åœŒãã«ç§ã@ç©èªã®äœè ãšåŒãã§ããããŸããç§ã¯ããããç«ã¡äžããã®ãèŠãŠãè¿èŠã®çãç©ãã¡ã®é©ãã«åãã£ãŠã»ããç¬ãã§ããŸãïŒã[4:83]ã
EN
It seems likely, judging from Madame Survilleâs report, that Balzac was either in the state of Cosmic Consciousness during this visit to her, or had recently been so.
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ããã ã»ã·ã¥ã«ãŽã£ã«ã®å ±åãã倿ãããšããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ãã®èšªåäžã«å®å®æèã®ç¶æ ã«ãã£ãããæè¿ãŸã§å®å®æèã®ç¶æ ã«ãã£ãå¯èœæ§ãé«ãããã§ãã
EN
A writer already quoted [106 : 87] describes, no doubt correctly, in the following words, what Balzacâs scheme now was, and it is worth noting that to all intents and purposes it was the same as that conceived and attempted (each for his own world) by Dante, âShakespeareâ and Whitman :
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ãã§ã«åŒçšããäœå®¶ [106:87] ã¯ã次ã®èšèã§ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®èšç»ãã©ã®ãããªãã®ãã«ã€ããŠãééããªãæ£ç¢ºã«èª¬æããŠããŸãããã©ãããèŠãŠããããããã³ãããã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ãããã€ãããã³ã«ãã£ãŠ (ããããç¬èªã®äžçã®ããã«) æ§æ³ããã詊ã¿ããããã®ãšåãã§ãã£ãããšã¯æ³šç®ã«å€ããŸãã
EN
âBalzac proposed to himself to illustrate by a tale or a group of tales every phase of French life and manners during the first half of the nineteenth century. To be colossally and exhaustively completeâcomplete not only in the generals but in the particularsâto touch upon every salient point, to illuminate every typical feature, to reproduce every sentiment, every idea, every person, every place, every object, that has played a part, however minute, however obscure, in the life of the French people.â
JA
ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ã19äžçŽååã®ãã©ã³ã¹äººã®ç掻ãšé¢šä¿ã®ããããæ®µéããäžã€ã®ç©èªãŸãã¯äžé£ã®ç©èªã«ãã£ãŠèª¬æããããšãèªåèªèº«ã«ææ¡ãããèšå€§ãã€åŸ¹åºçã«å®æãããããšãã€ãŸãäžè¬çãªéšåã ãã§ãªã现éšã«è³ããŸã§å®å šã§ããããšãããããé¡èãªç¹ã«è§Šããããããå žåçãªç¹åŸŽã«å ãåœãŠãããããæââæ ãããããã¢ã€ãã¢ããããã人ç©ãããããå Žæãããããç©äœãåçŸããããšãã€ãŸãããã©ã³ã¹åœæ°ã®ç掻ã®äžã§ã©ãã»ã©åŸ®çްã§ãã£ãŠããã©ããªã«äžæçã§ãã£ãŠã圹å²ãæãããŠãããã®ãåçŸããããšã ã£ããã
EN
Here is a description of him in the early thirties by Lamartine :
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ã©ãã«ãã£ãŒãã«ãã30代ååã®åœŒã«ã€ããŠã®èª¬æã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
EN
Balzac was standing before the fireplace of that dear room where I have seen so many remarkable men and women come and go. He was not tall, though the light on his face and the mobility of his figure prevented me from noticing his stature. His body swayed with his thought; there seemed at times to be a space between him and the floor; occasionally he stooped as though to gather an idea at his feet, and then he rose on them to follow the flight of his thought above him. At the moment of my entrance he was carried away by the subject of a conversation then going on with Monsieur and Madame de Girardin, and only interrupted himself for a moment to give me a keen, rapid, gracious look of extreme kindness.
JA
ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ãç§ããããŸã§æ°å€ãã®ååºããç·å¥³ãè¡ãæ¥ããã®ãèŠãŠãããã®å€§åãªéšå±ã®æçã®åã«ç«ã£ãŠããã圌ã¯èãé«ãã¯ãããŸããã§ãããã圌ã®é¡ã®æãããšåœŒã®äœåã®åãã®ããã§ãç§ã¯åœŒã®èº«é·ã«æ°ã¥ããŸããã§ããã圌ã®äœã¯åœŒã®èãã«åãããŠæºããã圌ãšåºã®éã«ã¯æã ééãããããã«èŠãããæã ã圌ã¯è¶³å ã«ã¢ã€ãã¢ãéãããã®ããã«ããã¿èŸŒã¿ãããããè¶³å ã«ç«ã¡äžãããé äžã®æèã®é£ç¿ã远ã£ããç§ãå ¥ã£ãŠããç¬éã圌ã¯ã ãã·ã¥ãšãžã©ã«ãã³å€«äººãšã®äŒè©±ã®è©±é¡ã«å€¢äžã«ãªã£ãŠããŠãã»ãã®äžç¬ã ã話ãäžæããŠãéããçŽ æ©ãããããŠéåžžã«èŠªåãªæ æ²æ·±ãèŠç·ãç§ã«åããŠãããŸããã
EN
He was stout, solid, square at the base and âacross the shoulders. The neck, chest, body and thighs were powerful, with something of Mirabeauâs amplitude, but without
JA
圌ã¯ãã£ããããŠããŠããã£ã¡ãããŠããŠãåºèŸºã¯åè§ããè©ã¯çã£çŽãã§ãããéŠãèžãèŽäœã倪ããã¯å匷ãããã©ããŒã®ãããªå¹ åºãããããŸãããã
EN
Honore de Balzac 169
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ãªãã¬ã»ãã»ãã«ã¶ã㯠169
EN
heaviness. His soul was apparent, and seemed to carry everything lightly, gaily, like a supple covering, not in the least like a burden. His size seemed to give him power, not to deprive him of it. His short arms gesticulated easily; he talked as an orator speaks. His voice resounded with the somewhat vehement energy of his lungs, but it had neither roughness nor sarcasm nor anger in it; his legs, on which he rather swayed himself, bore the torse easily; his hands, which were large and plump, expressed his thought as he waved them. Such was the outward man in that robust frame. But in presence of the face it was difficult to think of the structure. That speaking face, from which it was not easy to remove oneâs eye, charmed and fascinated you; his hair was worn in thick masses ; his black eyes pierced you like darts dipped in kindliness ; they entered confidingly into yours like friends. His cheeks were full and ruddy; the nose well modeled, though rather long ; the lips finely outlined, but full and raised at the corners ; the teeth irregular and notched. His head was apt to lean to one side, and then, when the talk excited him, it was lifted quickly with an heroic sort of pride.
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éãã圌ã®éã¯æããã§ããŸãã§éè·ã§ã¯ãªããããªãããªèŠãã®ããã«ããã¹ãŠã軜ããéœæ°ã«éãã§ããããã§ããããã®å€§ããã¯åœŒã«åãäžããŠããããã§ãããããã奪ã£ãŠããããã«ã¯èŠããªãã£ãã圌ã®çãè ã¯èº«æ¯ãææ¯ããããããã£ãã圌ã¯éåŒå®¶ã話ãããã«è©±ããã圌ã®å£°ã¯ãèºã®ããæ¿ãããšãã«ã®ãŒã§é¿ãæž¡ã£ãŠããŸãããããã®äžã«ã¯èã ãããç®èãæãããããŸããã§ããããããè¶³ããµããµããšåãããŠãèŽäœã«ç°¡åã«èããã圌ã®å€§ãããŠãµããããªæã¯ããããæ¯ããªãã圌ã®èãã衚çŸãããå±åŒ·ãªäœæ Œãããå€èŠäžã®ç·ã¯ãããªãã®ã ã£ããããããé¡ã®åã§ã¯æ§é ãèããã®ã¯å°é£ã§ãããç®ãé¢ãã®ã容æã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã®è©±ãé¡ã¯ãããªããé äºããé äºããŸããã圌ã®é«ªã¯åããŸãšãŸã£ãŠããã圌ã®é»ãç³ã¯åªããã«æµžãããç¢ã®ããã«ããªããçªãåºããã圌ãã¯åéã®ããã«ããªãã«èªä¿¡ãæã£ãŠå ¥ã£ãŠããŸããã圌ã®é ¬ã¯ãµã£ãããšèµ€ããªã£ãŠããŸããã錻ã¯ããã¢ãã«åãããŠããŸãããããªãé·ãã§ããåã®èŒªéã¯ãããã§ãããèšãã¿ããããè§ãçãäžãã£ãŠããŸããæ¯ã¯äžèŠåã§ã®ã¶ã®ã¶ããŠããŸãã圌ã®é ã¯ã©ã¡ããã«åŸããã¡ã ã£ããã話ã«è奮ãããšãè±éçãªèªããæã£ãŠããã«é ãäžããã
EN
But the dominant expression of his face, greater than even that of intellect, was the manifestation of goodness and kindheartedness. He won your mind when he spoke, but he won your heart when he was silent. No feeling of envy or hatred could have been expressed by that face; it was impossible that it should seem otherwise than kind. But the kindness was not that of indifference ; it was loving kindness, conscious of its meaning and conscious of others; it inspired gratitude and frankness, and defied all those who knew him not to love him. A childlike merriment was in his aspect; here was a soul at play; he had dropped his pen to be happy among friends, and it was impossible not to be joyous where he was [4: 123: 5].
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ãããã圌ã®é¡ã®æ¯é çãªè¡šæ ã¯ãç¥æ§ã®è¡šæ ããã倧ãããåè¯ããšåªããã®çŸãã§ããã圌ã¯è©±ããšããããªãã®å¿ãæŽã¿ãŸããããæ²é»ããŠãããšããããªãã®å¿ãæŽã¿ãŸããããã®é¡ããã¯ã矚æãæãã¿ã®ææ ã¯ãŸã£ãã衚çŸãããªãã£ããããã芪åã§ã¯ãªããšæãããã¯ãããããŸããã§ããããããããã®åªããã¯ç¡é¢å¿ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ãããããã¯ææ ã«æºã¡ãåªããã§ããããã®æå³ãèªèããä»è ãæèããŠããŸãããããã¯æè¬ãšççŽããåŒã³èµ·ããã圌ãç¥ããã¹ãŠã®äººã圌ãæããªãããšã«æµæããŸããã圌ã®è¡šæ ã«ã¯åäŸã®ãããªæ¥œããããã£ããããã«ã¯éãåããŠããã圌ã¯åéã®éã§å¹žãã«ãªãããã«ãã³ãèœãšããã®ã§ããã圌ãããå Žæã§æ¥œãããªãããšã¯äžå¯èœã§ãã[4: 123: 5]ã
EN
It has been said of Balzac: âHe was an illumination thrown upon life.â
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ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã圌ã¯äººçã«æããããããå ã ã£ãããšèšãããŠããŸãã
EN
He was an illustration of his own dictum: âAll we are is in the soulâ (ânous ne sommes que par Iâ'ameââ), and a question of his to a friend touches closely upon the thesis of this volume:
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圌ã¯ããç§ãã¡ã®ãã¹ãŠã¯éã®äžã«ãããïŒãnous ne sommes que par I''ameãïŒãšãã圌èªèº«ã®æ ŒèšãäœçŸãããã®ã§ãããå人ã«å¯Ÿãã圌ããã®è³ªåã¯ãæ¬æžã®äž»é¡ã«å¯æ¥ã«è§ŠããŠããŸãã
EN
Are you certain [he said] that your soul This recalls Whitman's: âThe eyesight has has had its full development? Do you mother eyesight, and the hearing another hearbreathe in air through every pore of it? '"® and the voice another voiceâ [193 : 342]. Do your eyes see all they can see [4:
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ããã¯ãã€ãããã³ã®èšèãæãåºãããŸãããèŠåã¯å®å šã«çºéããŸãããïŒãããªãã¯èŠèŠãšèŽèŠãæ¯ãšããŠãããå¥ã®èŽèŠã¯ããããæ¯ç©Žãã空æ°ãåžããŸããïŒ '"® ãããŠãã®å£°ã¯å¥ã®å£°' [193 : 342]ãããªãã®ç®ã¯èŠãããã®ãã¹ãŠãèŠãŠããŸãã [4:
EN
126].
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126]ã
EN
A glance at a few of his letters to an intimate friend at the period will throw light on our present inquiry:
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åœæã芪å¯ãªå人ã«å®ãŠã圌ããã®æçŽã®ããã€ããã²ãšç®èŠããšãç§ãã¡ã®çŸåšã®èª¿æ»ã«å ãåœããã§ãããã
EN
âAugust, 1833. The âMédecin de Campagneâ will reach you next week. It has cost me ten times the work that âLouis Lambertâ did. There is not a sentence, not an idea, which has not been viewed and reviewed, read and retread, and corrected; the labor was frightful. I may now die in peace. I have done a great work for my country. To my mind it is better to have written this book than to have made laws and to have won battles. It is the gospel in actionâ [4: 143].
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ã1833幎8æããã«ã³ããŒãã¥ã®å»åž«å£ãã¯æ¥é±ããªãã«å±ãäºå®ã ããã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒã«ãã®ä»äºã®10åã®è²»çšãããã£ããé²èЧãããæ€èšãããèªãŸããåèªãããä¿®æ£ãããªãã£ãæç« ãã¢ã€ãã¢ã¯ãªãããã®åŽåã¯æããããã®ã ã£ããä»ãªãå®ããã«æ»ãããããããªããç§ã¯ç¥åœã®ããã«çŽ æŽãããä»äºããããç§ã®èãã§ã¯ãæ³åŸãäœã£ãŠæ³åŸãå¶å®ãããããããã®æ¬ãæžããæ¹ãè¯ããããã¯å®è·µäžã®çŠé³ã§ããã [4: 143]ã
EN
âOctober 1833. Do you know how the âMédecinâ has been received? By a torrent of insults. The three newspapers of my own party which have
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ã1833 幎 10 æããã¡ããµã³ããã©ã®ããã«åãåããããç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã? æ¿ãã䟮蟱ã«ãã£ãŠã§ããç§ã®å ã® 3 ã€ã®æ°èã¯ã
EN
spoken of it have done so with the utmost contempt for the work and its authorâ [4: 143].
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ããã«ã€ããŠèªãããã®ã¯ãäœåãšãã®äœè ã«å¯Ÿããæå€§éã®è»œèããã£ãŠè¡ãããŠããã[4:143]ã
EN
âDecember, 1835. Never has the torrent which bears me onward been so rapid; no more terribly majestic work has ever compelled the human brain. I go to my toil as a gambler to cards. 1 sleep only five hours and work eighteen ; I shall end by killing myselfâ [4 : 145].
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ã1835 幎 12 æãç§ãåé²ãããæ¿æµãããã»ã©æ¥éã ã£ãããšã¯ãããŸããã人éã®è³ããã以äžã«æãããã»ã©å£®å€§ãªä»äºã«åŒ·å¶ããããšã¯ãããŸãããç§ã¯ãã©ã³ãã®ã®ã£ã³ãã©ãŒãšããŠèŠåŽããŸããç¡ç 㯠5 æéã ãã§ã18 æéåããŸããç§ã¯èªæ®ºããŠçµãããŸããã[4:145]ã
EN
Like all men of his classâi. e., like all men glorified by the divine spark which is the subject of this poor volumeâBalzac was greatly loved by those who were brought in contact with him.
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圌ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ç·æ§ãšåãããã«ãç§ã¯ãããªãã¡ããã®è²§åŒ±ãªæ¬ã®äž»é¡ã§ããç¥ã®èŒãã«ãã£ãŠæ å ãåãããã¹ãŠã®äººã ãšåæ§ã«ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯åœŒãšæ¥è§Šãã人ã ã«éåžžã«æãããŸããã
EN
His servants loved him. Rose, the cook, a true cordon bleu (we called her La Grande Nanon), used to go into despair when her master, in his working months, neglected her dainty dishes. I have seen her come into his room on tiptoe, bringing a delicious consommé, and trembling with eagerness to see him drink it. Balzac would catch sight of her; perhaps the fumes of the soup would reach his olfactories ; then he would toss back his mane of hair with an impatient jerk of his head, and exclaim in his roughest and most surly voice: âRose, go away; I donât want anything; let me
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圌ã®å®¶è£ãã¡ã¯åœŒãæããŠããŸãããæ¬ç©ã®ã³ã«ãã³ ãã«ãŒ (ç§ãã¡ã¯åœŒå¥³ããã© ã°ã©ã³ã ããã³ããšåŒã³ãŸãã) ã®æç人ã§ããããŒãºã¯ã䞻人ãä»äºã®æã«åœŒå¥³ã®ããããæçããªããããã«ãããšããçµ¶æã«é¥ã£ãŠããŸãããç§ã¯ã圌女ãããããã³ã³ãœã¡ãæã£ãŠã€ãŸå ç«ã¡ã§åœŒã®éšå±ã«ãã£ãŠæ¥ãŠã圌ãããã飲ãå§¿ãèŠãããŠéããŠããã®ãèŠãŠããŸããããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯åœŒå¥³ã«ç®ãçããã ãããããããã¹ãŒãã®ç ã圌ã®å èŠã«å±ãã ããããããã圌ã¯ããã£ãã¡ã«é ãã¬ã¯ã¬ã¯ãšé«ªã®ããŠãã¿ãåŸãã«æããæãèã ããæãç¡ææ³ãªå£°ã§å«ã³ãŸãããäœã欲ãããªããç§ã«ãããŠ
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alone!" â But mossieu will ruin his health if he goes on in this way ; mossieu will fall ill!â âNo, no! Let me alone, I say!" in a thundering voice. âI donât want anything ; you worry me; go away!" Then the good soul would turn to go slowly, very slowly, muttering: âTo take such pains to please mossicu! and such a soupâhow
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ãã§ãããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯ã¢ã·ã¥ãŒã¯å¥åº·ã害ããŠããŸãã ãããã¢ã·ã¥ãŒã¯ç æ°ã«ãªãã ããïŒã ããããããããïŒ æŸã£ãŠãããŠãã ãããç§ã¯èšããŸãïŒãé·é³Žã®ãããªå£°ã§ã ãäœãæãŸãªããããªãã¯ç§ãå¿é ãããŸããããããåè¯ãªéã¯ãã£ããããšãŠããã£ãããšæ¯ãè¿ããã€ã¶ãããŸããããã¢ã·ã¯ãåã°ããããã«ãããªã«èŠåŽãããªããŠïŒ ããã«ãããªã¹ãŒãããªããŠããšã ã
EN
good it smells!â Why should mossieu keep me in his service if he doesn't want what I do for him?â This was too much for Balzac. He called her back, drank the soup at a gulp and said in his kindest voice, as she went off radiant to her kitchen: â Now, Rose, donât let this happen again!ââ When his microscopic groom, a poor little orphan whom he called Gain de mil, died, Balzac took extreme care of him, and never failed to go and see him daily during his illness. Yes, God had given my great writer a heart of gold ; and those who really knew him adored him. He possessed the art of making others love him to such a degree that in his presence they forgot any real or fancied complaint against him, and only remembered the affection they bore him [4 : 162-3].
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ããåãããããïŒã ã¢ã·ã¥ãŒãç§ãèªåã®ããã«ããããšãæãŸãªãã®ã«ããªãç§ã圌ã®å¥ä»ã«çããŠããå¿ èŠãããã®ã§ããïŒãããã¯ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ããããã ã£ãã圌ã¯åœŒå¥³ãåŒã³æ»ããã¹ãŒããäžæ°ã«é£²ã¿å¹²ããåœŒå¥³ãæŽãããã«ãããã³ãžå»ã£ãŠãããšããæãåªãã声ã§ããèšã£ãããããŠãããŒãºãäºåºŠãšãããªããšãèµ·ããããªãã§ãã ããïŒããããç¥ã¯ç§ã®å倧ãªäœå®¶ã«é»éã®å¿ãäžããŠãããã®ã§ãããããŠåœŒãæ¬åœã«ç¥ã£ãŠãã人ãã¡ã¯åœŒãåŽæããŸããã圌ã¯ä»äººã«èªåãæãããæè¡ãæã£ãŠããããã圌ã®åã§ã¯äººã ã¯åœŒã«å¯ŸããçŸå®ã®ããããã¯æ³åäžã®äžæºãå¿ãã圌ãã圌ã«äžããŠãããææ ã ããæãåºãã [4 : 162-3]ã
EN
It has been said: âFew writers have been greater than Balzac in the exhibition of the moral qualities.â But says Goethe: âWenn ihr nicht fullt ihr Werdetâs nicht erjagen.â If a man is destitute of a given faculty it is useless for him to attempt to describe it.
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ãé埳çç¹è³ªã®è¡šçŸã«ãããŠãã«ã¶ãã¯ä»¥äžã«åªããäœå®¶ã¯ã»ãšãã©ããªãããšèšãããŠããŸããããããã²ãŒãã¯ããèšããŸãããWenn ihr nicht fullt ihr Werdet's nicht erjagenãããã人ãç¹å®ã®èœåã«æ¬ ããŠããã®ã§ããã°ãããã説æããããšããŠãç¡é§ã§ãã
EN
How is it that, as Hugo says, âA genius is an accursed man?â That the men having the greatest qualities are precisely those men who are accredited with the absence of these? And, to come back to Balzac, why should it be doubted that this manâwho gave every proof of moral greatnessâwas great by his moral as well as his intellectual qualities? Simply because it is easier to misunderstand than to understand men of his class, and because when we do not understand we incline to infer the worst rather than the best.
JA
ãŠãŽãŒãèšãããã«ãã倩æã¯åªããã人éã§ããããšããã®ã¯ã©ãããŠã§ããããïŒæãåªããè³è³ªãåããç·æ§ãšã¯ããŸãã«ããããæ¬ åŠããŠãããšèªããããç·æ§ã§ãããšããããšã ãããïŒãããŠããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®è©±ã«æ»ããŸãããé埳çå倧ãã®ãããã蚌æ ã瀺ãããã®ç·ããç¥çè³è³ªã ãã§ãªãé埳çè³è³ªã«ãããŠãå倧ã§ãã£ãããšããªãçãå¿ èŠãããã®ã§ãããããããã¯åã«ã圌ã®éçŽã®äººãã¡ãçè§£ããããã誀解ããæ¹ãç°¡åã ããã§ãããçè§£ã§ããªããšããç§ãã¡ã¯æåã§ã¯ãªãææªã®ããšãæšæž¬ããåŸåãããããã§ãã
EN
The fact is, as has been said: âBalzac is a moralist, the greatest moralist of the nineteenth century, one who does not preach but sows the truthâ [4 : 178].
JA
äºå®ã¯ãèšãããŠããããã«ãããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯é埳䞻矩è ã§ããã19äžç޿倧ã®é埳䞻矩è ã§ããã説æããã®ã§ã¯ãªãçå®ãèã人ã§ããã[4:178]ã
EN
So Bacon, although in his prose works he may be said to preach, yet these works were intended as merely introductory to others which were to show the truth. In the âPlanâ of his life work, the âInstauratio Magna,â he divides this last into six parts: (I) The division of the sciences, represented by the âDe Augmentis;â (II) âThe New Organon;â (III) âThe Phenomena of the Universe,â represented by his natural history books ; (IV) âThe Ladder of the Intellect,â represented by the âComedies ;"â (V) âThe Forerunners,â represented by the â Histories,â and (VI) âThe New Philosophy,â represented by the âTragedies.â
JA
ãããã£ãŠãããŒã³ã³ã¯æ£æäœåã®äžã§èª¬æããŠãããšèšããããããããªãããããã§ããããã®äœåã¯çå®ã瀺ãä»ã®äœåãžã®åãªã玹ä»ãšããŠæå³ãããŠããã圌ã®ã©ã€ãã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãããInstauratio Magnaãã®ãèšç»ãã®äžã§ã圌ã¯ããã 6 ã€ã®éšåã«åå²ããŠããŸãã (I) ãDe Augmentisãã«ä»£è¡šãããç§åŠã®éšéã (II) ãæ°ãããªã«ã¬ãã³ã (III) åç©åŠæžã«ä»£è¡šããããå®å®ã®çŸè±¡ãã (IV) ãã³ã¡ãã£ãã«ä»£è¡šããããç¥ã®ã¯ãããã(V) ãæŽå²ãã«ä»£è¡šããããå é§è ãã(VI) ãæ²åãã«ä»£è¡šããããæ°ããå²åŠãã
EN
Speaking now [34:51] of IV (the âComedies ââ), and describing the aim of that part, he says that this does not consist of precepts and rules (for, he says, I have given plenty of these in the âNovum Organumâ), but of actual âtypes and modelsâ by which those things which are to be taught are âset as it were before the eyes.â Then of VI (the â Tragediesâ) he says that this part consists not in âmere felicity of speculation,â but that it presents (as we know it does) âthe real business and fortunes of the human race.â â For God forbid,â he continues, âthat we should give out a dream of our own imagination for a pattern of the world; rather may he graciously grant to us to write an apocalypse or true vision of the footsteps of the creator imprinted on his creatures.â Neither did Jesus, nor Whitman, nor any of these men, preach, but they all showed the truth, each in his own way, in his life and in his spoken or written word.
JA
ä» IV (ãååã) ã® [34:51] ã話ãããã®éšåã®ç®çã説æããŠãã圌ã¯ãããã¯æåŸãèŠåã§æ§æãããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªã (ãªããªããç§ã¯ãããŽã ã»ãªã«ã¬ãã ãã§ãããã®å€ããäžããŠãããšåœŒã¯èšã)ãæããããã¹ãäºæããç®ã®åã§èšå®ãããŠãããã®ããã«èšå®ããããå®éã®ãåãšã¢ãã«ãã§æ§æãããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸããæ¬¡ã«ãVIïŒãæ²åãïŒã«ã€ããŠã圌ã¯ããã®éšåã¯ãåãªãæ¶æž¬ã®å¹žçŠãããæãã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠããããã«ïŒã人é¡ã®æ¬åœã®ããžãã¹ãšéåœããæç€ºããŠãããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã ãç¥ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãäžçã®ãã¿ãŒã³ã«å¯ŸããŠèªåèªèº«ã®æ³åã®å€¢ãèªãããšãçŠããããŠããŸããããããåµé ç©ã«å»ãŸããåµé äž»ã®è¶³è·¡ã®é»ç€ºé²ããããã¯çã®ããžã§ã³ãæžãããšã圌ãå¯å€§ã«ãç§ãã¡ã«èš±ããŠãããŸãããã«ããã€ãšã¹ããã€ãããã³ãããããŠãããã®äººã ã®èª°ã説æããŸããã§ãããã圌ãã¯çãããããã®ããæ¹ã§ãèªåã®äººçã®äžã§ã話ãèšèãæžãèšèã®äžã§çå®ã瀺ããŸããã
EN
Another trait that seems common to these menâabsorption in their own timeâhas been noted of Balzac. Theophile Gautier dwells at length on what he calls the absolute modernity of Balzacâs genius. âBalzac owes nothing,â he says, âto antiquity. For him there are neither Greeks nor Romans, nor any trace in the composition of his talent of Homer, or Virgil, or Horaceâno one was ever less classicâ [4 : 170].
JA
ãããã®äººã ã«å ±éããŠãããšæããããã 1 ã€ã®ç¹åŸŽãã€ãŸãèªåã®æä»£ã«å€¢äžã«ãªãããšããã«ã¶ãã¯ã«ã€ããŠæ³šç®ãããŠããŸããããªãã£ã«ã»ãŽãŒãã£ãšã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã®å€©æã®çµ¶å¯ŸçãªçŸä»£æ§ãšåœŒãåŒã¶ãã®ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèªããŸãã ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã«ã¯å€ä»£ã®æ©æµã¯äœããããŸããã圌ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢äººãããŒã人ãããã¡ãã¹ããŠã§ã«ã®ãªãŠã¹ããã©ãã£ãŠã¹ã®ãããªåœŒã®æèœã®æ§æã«çè·¡ã¯ãããŸããã誰ãããå€å žçã§ãããã[4 : 170]ã
EN
âOne might suppose that his feelings would have been hurt when he found the way barred against his entrance to the Academy. But he behaved with dignity and withdrew his name when failure seemed probable. âThe matter does not stir my feelings very much,â he said; âsome persons think not at all, but they are mistaken. If 1 do get there, so much the better ; if I do not, no matterââ [4: 190].
JA
ãã¢ã«ãããŒãžã®å ¥åŠã劚ããããŠããã®ãèŠã€ãããšããåœŒã®ææ ã¯å·ã€ããã ãããšæšæž¬ãã人ããããããããªãããããã圌ã¯åšå³ãæã£ãŠè¡åãã倱æããããããªãšãã¯ååãæ€åãããããã®ä»¶ã¯ç§ã®ææ ãããã»ã©ããç«ãŠãªãããšåœŒã¯èšã£ãããå šãèããªã人ããããã圌ãã¯ééã£ãŠãããããããã«å°éã§ããã°ãããã¯ãã£ãšè¯ãããšã ãç§ãããã§ãªããŠããåé¡ã¯ãªããã[4:190]ã
EN
George Sand bears witness of him as follows :
JA
ãžã§ã«ãžã¥ã»ãµã³ãã¯åœŒã®ããšã次ã®ããã«èšŒèšããŠããã
EN
âHe searched for treasures and found none but those he bore within him âhis intellect, his spirit of observation, his marvellous capacity, his strength, his gaiety, his goodness of heartâin a word, his genius.â
JA
ã圌ã¯å®ç©ãæ¢ããŸããããèªåã®äžã«ç§ãããã®ä»¥å€ã«ã¯äœãèŠã€ãããŸããã§ããã圌ã®ç¥æ§ã芳å¯åãé©ãã¹ãèœåã匷ããéœæ°ããåè¯ãªå¿ãäžèšã§èšãã°ã圌ã®å€©æã§ããã
EN
âSober in all respects, his morals were pure; he dreaded excesses as the
JA
ãããããç¹ã§å·éã§ã圌ã®é埳ã¯çŽç²ã§ããã圌ã¯è¡ãéããæããŠããŸããã
EN
death of talent; he cherished women by his heart or his head, and his life from early youth was that of an anchoriteâ [4: 201].
JA
æèœã®æ»ã圌ã¯å¿ãé ã§å¥³æ§ã倧åã«ããè¥ãé ããã®äººçã¯ã¢ã³ã«ãŒæŽŸã®ãããªãã®ã ã£ããã[4: 201]ã
EN
âHe has seen all and said all, comprehended all and divined allâhow, then, can he be immoral? . . .
JA
ã圌ã¯ãã¹ãŠãèŠããã¹ãŠãèªãããã¹ãŠãçè§£ãããã¹ãŠãå ã£ããã§ã¯ãã©ãããŠåœŒã¯äžé埳ãªããšãã§ããã ãããã
EN
â Balzac has been reproached for having no principles because he has, as I think, no positive convictions on questions of fact in religion, art, politics or even loveâ [4 : 203].
JA
ããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ååãæããªããšããŠéé£ãããŠããããªããªãã圌ã¯å®æãèžè¡ãæ¿æ²»ããããã¯æããããäºå®ã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠç©æ¥µçãªä¿¡å¿µãæã£ãŠããªãã£ãããã§ããã [4 : 203]ã
EN
This is a highly significant statement. Every one of these people has been judged in the same way by contemporaries. Why? Because they ave no opinions or principles in the sense in which their neighbors have them. The things that seem vital to those about them seem to them of no import. And the things that are of value to them are out of sight of the rest.
JA
ããã¯éåžžã«éèŠãªçºèšã§ãããããã®äººã ã¯çãåæä»£ã®äººãã¡ããåãããã«å€æãããŠããŸããããªãïŒãªããªãã圌ãã«ã¯é£äººãæã€ãããªæèŠãååããªãããã§ããåšå²ã®äººã ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯éèŠãªããšã®ããã«èŠããŸããã圌ãã«ãšã£ãŠã¯éèŠã§ã¯ãªãããã«æããŸãããããŠã圌ãã«ãšã£ãŠäŸ¡å€ã®ãããã®ã¯ãä»ã®äººã®ç®ã«ã¯èŠããŸããã
EN
Here is Gautierâs evidence as to the kind of man he was (it ought to be quoted in full, but that is impossible in this place) :
JA
圌ãã©ã®ãããªäººç©ã§ãã£ããã«ã€ããŠã®ãŽãŒãã£ãšã®èšŒæ ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ã (å šæãåŒçšããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã®å Žæã§ã¯ããã¯äžå¯èœã§ã)ã
EN
When I saw Balzac for the first time he was about thirty-six, and his personality was one of those that are never forgotten. In his presence Shakespeare's words came to my memoryâbefore him ânature might stand up and say to all the world: This was a man.â He wore the monk's habit of white flannel or cashmere, in which, some time later, he made Louis Boulanger paint him. What fancy had led him to choose, in preference to all other costumes, this particular one, which he always wore, I do not know. Perhaps it symbolized to his eyes the cloistral life to which his work condemned him ; and, benedictine of romance, he wore the robe. However that may be, it became him wonderfully.
JA
ç§ããã«ã¶ãã¯ãåããŠèŠããšãã圌ã¯36æ³ãããã§ãããã圌ã®äººæã¯æ±ºããŠå¿ããããªã人ç©ã®äžäººã§ããã圌ã®åã§ãã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ã®èšèãç§ã®èšæ¶ã«æµ®ãã³ãŸããã圌ã®åã§ã¯ããèªç¶ãç«ã¡äžãããå šäžçã«åãã£ãŠããèšããããããŸãããããã¯äººéã§ãããã圌ã¯ä¿®é士ã®ç¿æ £ã§ããçœããã©ã³ãã«ãã«ã·ãã¢ãçãŠããããã°ããããŠã«ã€ã»ããŒã©ã³ãžã§ã«ä¿®é士ã®çµµãæãããŸãããä»ã®ãã¹ãŠã®è¡£è£ ã«åªå ããŠã圌ããã€ãçãŠãããã®ç¹å®ã®è¡£è£ ãéžæããçç±ã¯äœã ã£ãã®ããç§ã«ã¯ããããŸãããããããããã¯ã圌ã®ç®ã«ã¯ã圌ã®ä»äºã圌ã«èª²ããããä¿®éé¢ã§ã®ç掻ã象城ããŠãããããããªãããããŠãããã³ã¹ã®ãããã£ã¯ããšããŠã圌ã¯ããŒããçãŠããŸãããããã¯ãšããããèŠäºã«åœŒã«ãªããŸããã
EN
He boasted, showing me his spotless sleeves, that he never dropped the least spot of ink upon it; âfor,â he added, âa true literary man ought to be clean at his work.â
JA
圌ã¯ãæ±ãã®ãªãè¢ãç§ã«èŠããªãããè¢ã«ã»ãã®å°ãã®ã€ã³ã¯ãèœãšããªãã£ããšèªæ ¢ããŸããã ããªããªããçã®æåŠè ã¯ä»äºã«ãããŠæž æœã§ããã¹ãã ããã§ãããšåœŒã¯ä»ãå ããã
EN
Then, after describing other features, Gautier goes on:
JA
次ã«ãä»ã®æ©èœã説æããåŸãGautier æ°ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ç¶ããŸãã
EN
As to his eyes, there were never any like them; they had a life, a light, an inconceivable magnetism ; the whites of the eyeballs was pure, limpid, with a bluish tinge, like that of an infant or a virgin, enclosing two black diamonds, dashed at moments with gold reflectionsâeyes to make an eagle drop his lidsâeyes to read through walls and into bosoms or to terrify a furious wild beastâthe eyes of a sovereign, a seer, a subjugator. The habitual expression of the face was that of puissant hilarity, of Rabelaisian and monachal joy.
JA
圌ã®ç®ã«é¢ããŠèšãã°ãããã«å¹æµãããã®ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã圌ãã«ã¯åœããããå ããããæ³åãçµ¶ããç£åããã£ããçŒçã®çœã¯çŽç²ã§éãéã£ãŠããŠã幌å ãåŠå¥³ã®ãããªéã¿ããã£ãè²ã§ãäºåã®é»ããã€ã€ã¢ã³ããå²ã¿ãéè²ã®åå°ã§ç¬éçã«èŒããŠããââé·²ããŸã¶ããèœãšããããªç®ââå£ãéãããŠèžã®äžãèªãç®ããããã¯çãçãéç£ãæããããç®ââåäž»ãäºèšè ãåŸæè ã®ç®ããã€ãã®é¡ã®è¡šæ ã¯ãç±ççãªéœæ°ããã©ãã¬ãŒãžã£ã³çãªããããŠåäž»çãªåã³ã®è¡šæ ã§ããã
EN
Strange as it may seem to say so in the nineteenth century, Balzac was a seer. His power as an observer, his discernment as a physiologist, his genius as a writer, do not sufficiently account for the infinite variety of the two or three thousand types which play a role more or less important in his human comedy. He did not copy them: he lived them ideally. He wore their clothes, contracted their habits, moved in their surroundings, zvas themselves, during the necessary time [4 : 204-8].
JA
19äžçŽã«ããèšãããã®ã¯å¥åŠãªããšãããããªããããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯å èŠè ã ã£ãã圌ã®èгå¯è ãšããŠã®åãççåŠè ãšããŠã®æŽå¯åãäœå®¶ãšããŠã®å€©ææ§ã¯ã圌ã®äººéååã«ãããŠå€ããå°ãªããéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããäºãäžåã®çš®é¡ã®ç¡éã®å€æ§æ§ãååã«èª¬æããŠããªãã圌ã¯ããããæš¡å£ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããããçæ³çã«çããŸããã圌ã¯å¿ èŠãªæéã®éã圌ãã®æãçãŠã圌ãã®ç¿æ £ã«å£ãã圌ãã®åšå²ãåãã圌ãèªèº«ãåãããŸãã[4 : 204-8]ã
EN
As another man of the same class says of himself: âI am a free companion.â âMy voice is the wifeâs voice.â âI am the hounded slave.â âI am an old Artillerist.â âI am the mashed fireman.â âIt is I let out in the
JA
åãã¯ã©ã¹ã®å¥ã®ç·æ§ã¯èªåèªèº«ã«ã€ããŠããèšããŸãããç§ã¯èªç±ãªä»²éã§ããã ãç§ã®å£°ã¯åŠ»ã®å£°ã§ããã ãç§ã¯è¿œããã奎é·ã§ããã ãç§ã¯èç ²å µã§ããã ãç§ã¯ããã·ã¥ãããæ¶é²å£«ã§ããã ãããã¯ç§ãäžã«åºããã®ã§ãã
EN
morning and barred at night.â âNot a youngster is taken for larceny but I go up, too, and am tried and sentenced.â âNot a cholera patient lies at the last gasp but I also lie at the last gasp. My face is ash colored, my sinews gnarl, away from me people retreat.â ââAskers embody themselves in me
JA
æã¯çŠæ¢ãå€ã¯çŠæ¢ãã ãçªççœªã§æãããããè¥è ã¯ããªãããç§ãåºå»·ããè£å€ãåãã倿±ºãåãããã ãã³ã¬ã©æ£è ã¯æåŸã®ãããã®ãšãã«æšªãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããç§ãæåŸã®ãããã®ãšãã«æšªããããŸããç§ã®é¡ã¯ç°è²ã«ãªããçã¯ç¯ãããç§ããé¢ãããšäººã ã¯åŸéããŸããã ã質åè ã¯ç§ã®äžã«èªåèªèº«ãäœçŸããŠãã
EN
and I am embodied in them. I project my hat, sit'shamefaced and beg.â Gautier goes on:
JA
ãããŠç§ã¯ãããã®äžã«äœçŸãããŠããŸããç§ã¯åžœåãçªãåºããæ¥ãããããã«åº§ã£ãŠç©ä¹ããããŸããããŽãŒãã£ãšã¯ããç¶ããŸãã
EN
And yet Balzac, immense in brain, penetrating physiologist, profound observer, intuitive spirit, did not possess the literary gift. In him yawned an abyss between thought and form [4 : 209].
JA
ãããããã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ãéåžžã«åªããé è³ãæã¡ãæŽå¯åã®ããççåŠè ã§ãããæ·±ã芳å¯è ã§ãããçŽèгçãªç²Ÿç¥ãæã£ãŠããããæåŠçãªæèœãæã£ãŠããªãã£ãã圌ã®äžã«ã¯æèãšåœ¢ã®éã®æ·±æ·µãããã³ãããŠãã [4 : 209]ã
EN
Here is a curious thing. How is it that these men who form the mind of the race can seldom or never (at least according to their contemporaries) write their own language decently? According to Renan (and he does not seem to be contradicted) Paulâs style was about as bad as possible (âsans charme ; la forme, en est apre est presvue toujour dénuée de graceâ) [143 : 568].
JA
ããã§è峿·±ãããšããããŸãã人皮ã®ç²Ÿç¥ã圢æããŠãããããã®äººã ãïŒå°ãªããšãåæä»£äººã«ããã°ïŒèªåãã¡ã®èšèªããŸãšãã«æžãããšãã»ãšãã©ããããã¯å šãã§ããªãã®ã¯ãªãã§ããããïŒã«ãã³ã«ããã°ïŒåœŒã¯ççŸããŠããªãããã ïŒãããŒã«ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã¯å¯èœãªéãæªãã£ãïŒãsans Charme ; la forme, en est apre est presvue toujour dénuée de GlaceãïŒ[143 : 568]ã
EN
Mohammed can hardly be said to have written, and in his day and country there was no recognized standard with which to compare his language. The author of the âShakespeareâ drama was for long ranked as a writer below the meanest pamphleteer. And down to the present moment scarcely a man has defended Walt Whitman from the purely literary point of view, while thousands have utterly condemned him.
JA
ã ãã³ããã¯æåãæžãããšã¯ã»ãšãã©èšãããåœŒã®æä»£ãåœã§ã¯åœŒã®èšèªãæ¯èŒããããã®èªããããåºæºã¯ãããŸããã§ããããã©ããã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ãã®äœè ã¯ãé·ãéãæãåå£ãªãã³ãã¬ããäœæè ããäžã®äœå®¶ãšããŠã©ã³ã¯ä»ããããŠããããããŠçŸåšã«è³ããŸã§ãçŽç²ã«æåŠçãªèгç¹ãããŠã©ã«ãã»ãã€ãããã³ãæè·ãã人ã¯ã»ãšãã©ããªãããäœå人ãã®äººã ã圌ã培åºçã«éé£ããŠããã
EN
But the writings of Paul dominate whole continents. _Mohammedâs utterances hold in spiritual subjection two hundred millions of people. The author of âHamletâ has been called, and rightly called, âThe Lord of Civilization.â And Walt Whitmanâs will probably eventually be seen to be the strongest voice of the nineteenth century.
JA
ããããããŠãã®èäœã¯å šå€§éžãæ¯é ããŠããŸããã ãã³ããã®çºèšã¯ã2å人ã®äººã ã粟ç¥çã«æåŸãããŠããŸãã ããã ã¬ãããã®äœè ã¯ããææã®çããšåŒã°ãããããŠããåŒã°ããã®ãåœç¶ã§ãããããŠããŠã©ã«ãã»ãã€ãããã³ã®å£°ã¯ãããããæçµçã«ã¯ 19 äžçŽã§æã匷åãªå£°ã§ãããšã¿ãªãããã§ãããã
EN
The seeming anomaly is perhaps easily explained. In each generation there are certain men, who are never large in number, who possess the literary instinct, and there are also certain men who are endowed with Cosmic Consciousness, but there is no reason whatever why the two endowments should unite. If they do so it is a mere accident. The man with the literary instinct writes for the sake of writing. He feels that he has the faculty, and, looking about for a subject, or for one subject after another, he writes upon it or them. The man endowed with Cosmic Consciousness has almost certainly no literary instinct (the chance is millions to one against it), but he sees certain things which he feels he must tell. He simply, with might and main, does the best he can. The importance of his message causes him to be read. His personality, as it becomes recognized, causes everything in
JA
ãã®ç°åžžã«èŠããããšã¯ãããããç°¡åã«èª¬æã§ããã§ããããåäžä»£ã«ã¯ã決ããŠå€ãã¯ãããŸããããæåŠçæ¬èœãåããç¹å®ã®ç·æ§ããããå®å®æèã«æµãŸããç¹å®ã®ç·æ§ãããŸãããããããã® 2 ã€ã®è³è³ªãå£çµããçç±ã¯äœã§ãã£ãŠããããŸããããããããšããŠããããã¯åãªãäºæ ã§ããæåŠçæ¬èœãæã€ç·ã¯ãæžãããã«æžãã圌ã¯èªåã«ã¯æèœããããšæããŠãããäžã€ã®äž»é¡ãæ¢ããããæ¬¡ããæ¬¡ãžãšæ¢ãããããŠããããé¡æã«æžããŸããå®å®çæèã«æµãŸããç·ã«ã¯ãã»ãŒç¢ºå®ã«æåŠçæ¬èœããªãïŒãããã§ããªãå¯èœæ§ã¯æ°çŸäžå¯Ÿäžã§ããïŒãã圌ã«ã¯äŒããªããã°ãªããªããšæããç¹å®ã®äºæãèŠããŠããã圌ã¯ãã ãå匷ããå匷ããèªåã«ã§ããæåãå°œãããŸãã圌ã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®éèŠæ§ã«ããã圌ã¯èªãŸããŸããåœŒã®æ§æ Œãèªèããããšãããããã¹ãŠã®åå ã«ãªããŸã
EN
immediate connection with him to be admired, and in the end he is perhaps held up as a model of style.
JA
圌ã¯ããã«è³è³ãããã¹ãé¢ä¿ã«ãªããæçµçã«ã¯ããããã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã®ã¢ãã«ãšããŠæã¡äžããããã§ãããã
EN
Madame Surville continuing, says: âThe attacks against my brother increased rather than lessened; the critics, unable to repeat the same things forever, changed their batteries and accused him of immorality. These accusations were very injurious to my brother; they grieved him deeply, and sometimes they disheartened himâ [4: 242]. The old, old story, but never worn out, never threadbare, always as ready for service, as fresh and, alas! as fatal as ever.
JA
ããã ã»ã·ã¥ã«ãŽã£ã«ã¯ç¶ããŠããè¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãããå ã«å¯Ÿããæ»æã¯åŒ±ãŸãã©ãããããããå¢å€§ããŸãããæ¹è©å®¶ãã¡ã¯ãåãããšãæ°žé ã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããšãã§ãããæ åºŠãå€ããå ãäžé埳ã§ãããšéé£ããŸããããããã®åçºã¯å ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«æå®³ã§ããã圌ãã¯å ãæ·±ãæ²ããŸããæã«ã¯å ãèœèãããŸãããã[4:242]ãå€ããå€ãç©èªã§ãããæ±ºããŠäœ¿ãå€ãããããå€ã³ããããããšã¯ãªããåžžã«ãã€ã§ã䜿ããããã«æºåãã§ããŠããŠãæ°é®®ã§ããããŠæ®å¿µãªããšã«ïŒçžå€ãããèŽåœçã
EN
The foregoing few brief extracts suggest the kind of man Balzac was as seen from the outside. It is clear from them, to any one in a position to judge, that he was such a person as might very probably be so endowed, and it only remains to show from his own wordsâwords that could not otherwise have been writtenâthat he was really one of the illuminatiâa man possessing the rare and splendid faculty called Cosmic Consciousness.
JA
åè¿°ã®ããã€ãã®çãæç²ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ãå€ããèŠããšãã«ã©ã®ãããªäººç©ã§ãã£ããã瀺åããŠããŸãã圌ãããããéåžžã«æµãŸãã人ç©ã§ããããšã¯ã圌ãããããããŠå€æããç«å Žã«ãã人ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯æããã§ããã圌èªèº«ã®èšèãã€ãŸãä»ã®æ¹æ³ã§ã¯æžãããšãã§ããªãã£ãèšèããã圌ãå®éã«ã€ã«ãããã£ã®äžäººã§ãã£ãããšãã€ãŸãå®å®æèãšåŒã°ããçšæã§çŽ æŽãããèœåãæã£ãç·ã§ãã£ãããšã瀺ãã ãã§ååã§ãã
EN
And first a few short extracts, written by Balzac of himself, and which give us glimpses of the inner man before the oncoming of the Cosmic Sense.
JA
ãããŠæåã«ããã«ã¶ãã¯èªèº«ã«ã€ããŠæžãããçãæç²ãããã€ããããå®å®çæèŠãå°æ¥ããåã®å ãªã人éãå£éèŠãããšãã§ããŸãã
EN
It will be noticed that he, like all men of the class to which he belongs, was religious, though not quite in the orthodox way ; these men seldom adhere to achurch. A âspecialistâ may found a religion; he seldom belongs to one. âSpecialistsâ are for xe/ig7on, not for a relzgzon. So Balzac tells us of himself, under the name of â Louis Lambert :â
JA
圌ãå±ããéçŽã®ãã¹ãŠã®ç·æ§ãšåæ§ã«ã圌ã¯å®å šã«æ£çµ±çãªããæ¹ã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã宿çã§ãã£ãããšã泚ç®ãããã ããããããã®äººã ãæäŒã«åºå·ããããšã¯ãã£ãã«ãããŸããã ãå°éå®¶ãã宿ãçºèŠãããããããªãã圌ãäžã€ã®çµç¹ã«å±ããããšã¯ãã£ãã«ãªãã ãã¹ãã·ã£ãªã¹ãã㯠xe/ig7on çšã§ãããrelzgzon çšã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã§ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ããã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒã«ããšããååã§èªåèªèº«ã«ã€ããŠèªããŸãã
EN
Though naturally religious, he did not share in the minute observances of the Roman Church; his ideas were more particularly in sympathy with those of St. Theresa, Fénelon, several of the fathers and a few saints, who would be treated in our day as heretics or atheists. He was unmoved during the church services. Prayer, with him, proceeded from an impulse, a movement, an elevation of the spirit, which followed no regular course ; in all things he gave himself up to nature, and would neither pray nor think at settled periods [5 : 73].
JA
圌ã¯çæ¥ä¿¡å¿æ·±ãããããŒãæäŒã®çްããè¡äºã«ã¯åå ããªãã£ãã圌ã®èãã¯ããšããããèãã¬ãžã¢ããã§ããã³ãæ°äººã®æç¶ãæ°äººã®è人ãã¡ã®èããšç¹ã«å ±é³ŽããŠããã圌ãã¯çŸä»£ã§ã¯ç°ç«¯è ãŸãã¯ç¡ç¥è«è ãšããŠæ±ãããããšã«ãªããåœŒã¯æäŒã®ç€ŒæäžåŸ®åã ã«ããªãã£ãã圌ã®å Žåãç¥ãã¯è¡åãéåã粟ç¥ã®é«æããçãããã®ã§ãããããã¯éåžžã®éçšããã©ããã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããã§ããã圌ã¯äœäºã«ãããŠãèªç¶ã«èº«ãä»»ããæ±ºãŸã£ãæéã«ç¥ã£ããèãããããããšã¯ãããŸããã§ãã[5:73]ã
EN
The limit which most brains attain was the point of departure from which his was one day to start in search of new regions of intelligence [5 : 79].
JA
ã»ãšãã©ã®è³ãå°éããéçã¯ã圌ããã€ãããããæ°ããªç¥æ§ã®é åãæ±ããŠåºçºããåºçºç¹ã§ãã£ã [5:79]ã
EN
Later he makes this remark about himself:
JA
ãã®åŸã圌ã¯èªåèªèº«ã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
EN
The sced has swelled and germinated. Philosophers may regret the foliage, struck with frost ere it burgeoned, but they shall one day see the perfect flower blooming in regions higher far than the highest places of the earth [5: 84].
JA
èãèšãã¿ãçºèœããŸãããå²åŠè ãã¡ã¯ãèœå¹ãåã«éã«æãããèãæãããããããªããããã€ãå°çã®æãé«ãå Žæãããã¯ããã«é«ãå°åã§å®ç§ãªè±ãå²ãã®ãèŠãããšã«ãªãã ãã[5:84]ã
EN
In his further fragmentary, veiled and mystic narration of the actual oncoming of the Cosmic Sense, it is important, for the present argument, to notice that: (@) He had no idea what had happened to him. (4) He was seized with terror [5: 129]. (c) He debated seriously with himself whether
JA
å®å®æèŠã®å®éã®å°æ¥ã«ã€ããŠã®åœŒã®ãããªãæççã§ããŒã«ã«å ãŸããç¥ç§çãªèªãã®äžã§ãçŸåšã®è°è«ã«ãšã£ãŠæ¬¡ã®ããšã«æ³šç®ããããšãéèŠã§ãã: (@) 圌ã¯èªåã«äœãèµ·ãã£ãã®ãå šãåãã£ãŠããªãã£ãã (4) åœŒã¯ææã«è¥²ããã [5: 129]ã (c) 圌ã¯èªåèªèº«ãšçå£ã«è°è«ããã
EN
he was not insane. (@) He considers (or reconsiders) the question of marriageâdoubts that it will be âan obstacle to the perfectability of his interior senses and to his flight through the spiritual worldsâ [5 : 131] and seems to decide against it. And, in fact, when we consider the antagonistic attitude of so many of the great cases toward this relation (Gautama, Jesus, Paul, Whitman, etc.), there seems little doubt that anything like a general possession of Cosmic Consciousness must abolish marriage as we know it to-day.
JA
åœŒã¯æ£æ°ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã (@) 圌ã¯çµå©ã®åé¡ãæ€èš (ãŸãã¯åè) ããŠãããããããå ãªãæèŠã®å®ææ§ãšéçäžçãæ ããããšãžã®é害ããšãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšçã [5 : 131]ãçµå©ããªãããšã決ããŠããããã§ãããããŠå®éããã®é¢ä¿ã«å¯Ÿããéåžžã«å€ãã®å倧ãªäºäŸïŒãŽãŒã¿ããã€ãšã¹ãããŒã«ããã€ãããã³ãªã©ïŒã®æµå¯Ÿçãªæ 床ãèæ ®ãããšã仿¥ç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠããããã«ãå®å®æèã®äžè¬çãªææç©ã®ãããªãã®ãçµå©ã廿¢ããªããã°ãªããªãããšã«ã»ãšãã©çãã®äœå°ã¯ãªãããã§ãã
EN
Balzac must have attained to Cosmic Consciousness about 1831 or 1832, at the age of thirty-two or thirty-three. It was at this time he began writing his great books. But it is especially important at present to note that in 1832 he wrote â Louis Lambertâ and in 1833 âSeraphita.ââ
JA
ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ 1831 幎ã 1832 幎é ã32 æ³ã 33 æ³ã®é ã«å®å®æèã«éããã«éããããŸããã圌ãçŽ æŽãããæ¬ãæžãå§ããã®ã¯ãã®æã§ãããããããçŸæç¹ã§ç¹ã«éèŠãªã®ã¯ã圌ã1832幎ã«ãã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒãããæžãã1833幎ã«ãã»ã©ãã£ãŒã¿ããæžããããšã§ãããã
EN
In these two books he describes the new sense more fully than it had ever been described elsewhere. In âLouis Lambertâ he gives a bold, plain common sense description of it which is especially valuable for our present purpose. Then the next year, after writing that work, he composed â Seraphita,â the object of which was to delineate a person who was possessed of the great faculty. The two taken together prove the possession of the faculty by their author. ââ Seraphitaââ must be read entire to be understood and appreciated, and so, of course, ought âLouis Lambert;ââ but the evidence now needed may be obtained from the latter within the compass of a few pages. The extracts are from K. P. Wormleyâs translation, which has been compared with the original and found faithful.
JA
ããã 2 åã®æ¬ã§ãåœŒã¯æ°ããæèŠã«ã€ããŠããããŸã§ä»ã§èª¬æãããŠããããã詳ãã説æããŠããŸãã ãã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒããã§ã¯ã圌ã¯ããã«ã€ããŠå€§èãã€å¹³æãªåžžèçãªèª¬æãè¡ã£ãŠãããããã¯ç§ãã¡ã®çŸåšã®ç®çã«ãšã£ãŠç¹ã«äŸ¡å€ããããŸãããããŠç¿å¹Žããã®äœåãæžããåŸã圌ã¯åå€§ãªæèœãæã£ã人ç©ãæåããããšãç®çãšãããã»ã©ãã£ã¿ããäœæ²ããŸããããã® 2 ã€ãåããããšãèè ããã®èœåãææããŠããããšã蚌æãããŸãã ããã»ã©ãã£ãŒã¿ãã¯çè§£ããŠè©äŸ¡ããã«ã¯æåŸãŸã§èªãŸãªããã°ãªããªããããã¡ãããã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒããããããã¹ãã ãã ãããçŸåšå¿ èŠãšãããŠãã蚌æ ã¯ãåŸè ããæ°ããŒãžä»¥å ã«åŸããããããããªãããã®æç²ã¯ãK. P. ã¯ãŒã ãªãŒã®ç¿»èš³ããã®ãã®ã§ãããåæãšæ¯èŒãããå¿ å®ã§ããããšã倿ããŸããã
EN
The world of ideas divides itself into three spheresâthat of instinct ; that of abstraction ; that of specialism [5 : 141].
JA
ã¢ã€ãã¢ã®äžçã¯ãæ¬èœã®äžçãæ¬èœã®äžçã® 3 ã€ã®é åã«åãããŠããŸããæœè±¡åã®ãããå°éæ§ã®ããš[5 : 141]ã
EN
The greater part of visible humanityâ that is, the weaker partâinhabits the sphere of instinctivity. The instinctives are born, work and die without rising to the second degree of human intelligenceâ namely, abstraction [5 : 142].
JA
ç®ã«èŠãã人é¡ã®å€§éšåãã€ãŸã匱ãéšåã¯æ¬èœã®é åã«äœãã§ããŸããæ¬èœçãªãã®ã¯ã人éã®ç¬¬ 2 段éã®ç¥æ§ãã€ãŸãæœè±¡åãŸã§äžæããããšãªãçãŸããåããæ»ãã§ãããŸã [5 : 142]ã
EN
At abstraction society begins. Though abstraction as compared with instinct is an almost divine power, it is infinitely feeble compared with the endowment of specialism, which alone can explain God. Abstraction comprises within it a whole nature in germ, as potentially as the seed
JA
æœè±¡åãã瀟äŒãå§ãŸããæ¬èœãšæ¯èŒãããšæœè±¡åã¯ã»ãšãã©ç¥çãªåã§ãããããã ãã§ç¥ã説æã§ããå°éæ§ã®ä»äžãšæ¯èŒãããšéããªã匱ããã®ã§ããæœè±¡åã¯ãæœåšçã«ã¯çš®åãšåãããã«ãèèœã®äžã«èªç¶å šäœãå«ãã§ããŸãã
EN
There are in the intellect three stagesâsimple consciousness, self consciousness and Cosmic Consciousness.
JA
ç¥æ§ã«ã¯ãåçŽæèãèªå·±æèãå®å®æèãšãã 3 ã€ã®æ®µéããããŸãã
EN
It is, of course, not true that the bulk of the race has simple and xof self consciousness. It is in fact the latter that constitutes a given creature a man. But it is true (what Balzac means) that with the mass simple consciousness plays a far greater part than self consciousness. âThe â«weaker partââ do live in simple far more than in self consciousness.
JA
ãã¡ããã人皮ã®å€§éšåãåçŽã§ç¡é¢å¿ãªèªæèãæã£ãŠãããšããã®ã¯çå®ã§ã¯ãããŸãããå®éã人éãšããç¹å®ã®çãç©ãæ§æããã®ã¯åŸè ã§ããããããã倧è¡ã«ãããŠã¯åçŽãªæèãèªæèãããã¯ããã«å€§ããªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããã®ã¯äºå®ã§ããïŒãã«ã¶ãã¯ã®èšã£ãŠããããšïŒã ãããã匱ãéšåãã¯ãèªæèãããã¯ããã«ã·ã³ãã«ãªäžã«çããŠããŸãã
EN
At abstractionâi. e., at self consciousnessâ humanity, and therefore human society, begins. âSpecialism alone can explain God.ââ Let it be noted in this connection that all religion worthy of the nameâBuddhism, Mohammedanism, Christianity and possibly othersâhas sprung from specialismâi. e., Cosmic Consciousness. ââI'* [Christ, Cosmic Sense] âam the way, the truth
JA
æœè±¡åãããšãi.ããªãã¡ãèªå·±æèã«ãããŠã人é¡ãã²ããŠã¯äººé瀟äŒãå§ãŸããŸãã ãå°é䞻矩ã ãã§ç¥ã説æã§ããããããã«é¢é£ããŠã仿ãã€ã¹ã©ã æãããªã¹ãæããããŠãããããã®ä»ã®å®æãšããååã«å€ãããã¹ãŠã®å®æã¯ãå°é䞻矩ãã€ãŸãå®å®æèããçããŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããã
EN
contains the system of a plant and all its
JA
ãã©ã³ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšãã®ãã¹ãŠãå«ãŸããŸã
EN
products. From abstraction are derived laws, arts, interests, social ideas. It is the glory and scourge of the world. Glorious, it creates societies; baneful, it exemps man from entering the path of specialism which leads to the infinite.
JA
補åãæœè±¡åããæ³åŸãèžè¡ãå©çã瀟äŒç芳念ãå°ãåºãããŸããããã¯äžçã®æ å ã§ãããçœãã§ããããŸããçŽ æŽãããããšã«ãããã¯ç€ŸäŒãåµé ããŸããæå®³ãªããšã«ãããã¯äººéãç¡éã«ã€ãªããå°éã®éã«å ¥ãã®ãå é€ããŸãã
EN
Man judges all things by his abstractionsâgood, evil, virtue, crime. right are his scales, and his justice is blind ; There are, necessarily, intermediate beings who separate the kingdom of
JA
人éã¯åãæªãçŸåŸ³ãç¯çœªãªã©ã®æœè±¡æŠå¿µã«ãã£ãŠãã¹ãŠã®ãã®ã倿ããŸãã圌ã®å€©ç§€ã¯æ£ããããããŠåœŒã®æ£çŸ©ã¯ç²ç®ã§ãããå¿ ç¶çã«ãçåœãåé¢ããäžéååšãååšããŸãã
EN
thing.
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ãã®ã
EN
Cosmic Consciousness
JA
å®å®æè
EN
and the life, #0 one comes to God but by me.â It is not so clear how self consciousness bars the way to Cosmic Consciousness. It seems, on the contrary, the necessaty and only road_ which could lead there. Many of the illuminated, however, take the same view as Balzac, and they ought to be the best judges.
JA
ãããŠäººçã#0 人ã¯ç§ã«ãã£ãŠã®ã¿ç¥ã®ããšã«æ¥ãŸãããèªæèãã©ã®ããã«å®å®æèãžã®éã劚ãããã¯ããã»ã©æç¢ºã§ã¯ãããŸãããããã©ãããããããå¿ ç¶ã§ãããããã«ã€ãªããå¯äžã®éã§ããããã«æããŸããããããç §ãããã人ã ã®å€ãã¯ãã«ã¶ãã¯ãšåãèŠæ¹ãããŠããã圌ããããæè¯ã®å€æè ã§ããã¹ãã§ããã
EN
His formulas of the justice of God seesâin that is everyinstinctives from the kingdom of the abstractives, in whom instinctivity mixes with
JA
圌ã®ç¥ã®æ£çŸ©ã®å ¬åŒã¯ãæœè±¡çãªãã®ã®çåœããã®ãã¹ãŠã®æ¬èœãèŠãŠããã®äžã§æ¬èœãšæ··åããŸãã
EN
abstractivity in endless variety of proportion. Also there are beings in whom the action of each is neuthe latter, and vice versa.
JA
ç¡éã®å€æ§ãªæ¯çã®æœè±¡æ§ããŸããããããã®è¡çºãåŸè ãç¡å¹ã«ããååšãããŸããããã®éãåæ§ã§ãã
EN
Some have more of the former than of
JA
åè ãããåè ã®æ¹ãå€ã人ãããŸã
EN
tralized, because both are moved by an equal force [5 : 142].
JA
äž¡æ¹ãåãåã«ãã£ãŠåãããããããææãããŸã [5 : 142]ã
EN
Specialism consists in seeing the things of the material world as well as those of the spiritual world in their original and consequential ramifications. The highest human genius is that which starts from the shadows of abstraction to advance into the light of specialism. (Specialism, species,
JA
å°éæ§ãšã¯ãç©è³ªäžçã®ç©äºãšç²Ÿç¥äžçã®ç©äºãããã®å ã ã®åœ±é¿ãšçµæçãªåœ±é¿ã§èŠãããšã«ãããŸãã人éã®æé«ã®å€©æãšã¯ãæœè±¡ã®åœ±ããåºçºããŠå°éã®å ãžãšåé²ãããã®ã§ããã (å°éåéãçš®ã
EN
Note that Balzac is only speaking of Cosmic Consciousness from the point of view of ââideas.ââ He therefore does not tell us here of the moral exaltation which is an essential part of it. gives that aspect, however, very fully in phita.â
JA
ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯ã¢ã€ãã¢ã®èгç¹ããå®å®æèã«ã€ããŠã®ã¿èªã£ãŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ããããããã£ãŠã圌ã¯ãã®æ¬è³ªçãªéšåã§ããé埳ç髿ã«ã€ããŠããã§ã¯èªããããã®åŽé¢ãä»ã®å Žæã§äžããŠããŸãã
EN
sight, speculation, seeing all, and that at one glance ; specu/wa, the mirror or means of estimating a thing by seeing it in its entirety). Jesus was a specialist. He saw the deed in its roots and in its products ; in the past, which begot it; in the present, where it is manifested; in the future, where it develops ;* his sight penetrated the understanding of others. The perfection of the inward sight gives birth to the gift of specialism. Specialism carries with it intuition. Intuition is a faculty of the inner man, of whom specialism is an attribute.
JA
èŠèŠãæšæž¬ããã¹ãŠãèŠãããšããããŠãããäžç®ã§èŠãããšã specu/waãé¡ããŸãã¯å šäœãèŠãŠç©äºãæšå®ããææ®µïŒãã€ãšã¹ã¯å°éå®¶ã§ããã圌ã¯ãã®è¡çºããã®æ ¹å¹¹ãšãã®ç£ç©ã«èŠãã ããããããåŒãèµ·ãããéå»ããããçŸããçŸåšãå°æ¥ããããçºå±ããå Žæã§;*圌ã®èŠåã¯ä»ã®äººã®çè§£ã貫éããŸãããå é¢ã®å®ç§ãªèŠç¹ãå°éæ§ã®è³ç©ãçã¿åºããŸããå°éæ§ã«ã¯çŽæã䌎ããŸããçŽèгã¯å ãªã人éã®èœåã§ãããå°éæ§ã¯ãã®ç¹è³ªã§ãã
EN
Between the sphere of specialism and the sphere of abstraction, and likewise between those spheres and that of instinctivity, we find beings in whom the diverse attributes of the two kingdoms are mingled, producing a mixed natureâthe man of genius [5 : 143].
JA
å°éã®é åãšæœè±¡ã®é åã®éããããŠåæ§ã«ãããã®é åãšæ¬èœã®é åã®éã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯äºã€ã®çåœã®å€æ§ãªå±æ§ãæ··ããåããæ··åãããæ§è³ªãçã¿åºããŠããååšãã€ãŸã倩æã®ç·ãèŠã€ããŸã[5 : 143]ã
EN
The specialist is necessarily the loftiest expression of smanâthe link which connects the visible to the superior worlds. He acts, he sees, he feels through his zvner
JA
ã¹ãã·ã£ãªã¹ãã¯å¿ ç¶çã«ã¹ãã³ã®æãåŽé«ãªè¡šçŸãã€ãŸãç®ã«èŠãããã®ãããåªããäžçã«çµã³ä»ãããªã³ã¯ã§ãã圌ã¯è¡åããèŠãæããŸãã
EN
being. The abstractive thinks. The instinctive simply acts [5 : 144]. Hence three degrees for man. As an
JA
ãããæœè±¡çãªæèãæ¬èœçãªãã®ã¯åçŽã«è¡åãã [5 : 144]ããããã£ãŠã人éã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ 3 床ãšããããšã«ãªããŸãããšããŠ
EN
instinctive he is below the level ; as an abstractive he attains to it; as a specialist he
JA
æ¬èœçã«åœŒã¯ã¬ãã«ãäžåã£ãŠããŸããåœŒã¯æœè±¡çãªãã®ãšããŠããã«å°éããŸããå°éå®¶ãšããŠåœŒã¯
EN
* As says Dante: âEven as earthly minds see that two obtuse angles are not contained in a triangle, so thou [the Cosmic Sense], gazing upon the point to which ad/ times are present, seest contingent things ere in themselves they are"?
JA
* ãã³ãã¯ããèšã£ãŠããŸãããããšãå°äžã®ç²Ÿç¥ã 2 ã€ã®éè§ãäžè§åœ¢ã«å«ãŸããŠããªãããšãçè§£ããŠãããšããŠããããªã [å®å®æèŠ] ã¯ãæãååšããç¹ãèŠã€ããªãããå¶çºçãªãã®ãããèªäœãšããŠååšããåã«èŠãã®ã§ãã?ã
EN
(72: 111).
JA
(72:111)ã
EN
âNatura non facit saltum:'" There must be a gradual passage from simple to self and from self to Cosmic Consciousnessâi. e., there must be a way of passing gradually. Nevertheless nothing is more sure than that the passage from simple to self and from self to Cosmic Consciousness is commonly made with a sudden and often terribly startling jump. Bnt that the conditions may not blend and overlap one another, as Balzac says, it would be well not to be too positive.
JA
ãNatura non facit Salum:ãåçŽãªç¶æ ããèªå·±ãžããããŠèªå·±ããå®å®æèãžã®æ®µéçãªç§»è¡ããªããã°ãªããŸãããã€ãŸããåŸã ã«ééããæ¹æ³ãå¿ èŠã§ããããã«ãããããããåçŽãªç¶æ ããèªå·±ãžããããŠèªå·±ããå®å®æèãžã®ç§»è¡ã¯ãéåžžãçªç¶ã®ããããŠãã°ãã°ã²ã©ãé©ãã¹ãé£èºã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããšããããšä»¥äžã«ç¢ºããªããšã¯ãããŸããããã«ã¶ãã¯ãèšãããã«ãæ¡ä»¶ãäºãã«æ··ããåã£ãããéãªãåã£ããããããšã¯ãªããããããªãããããŸãååãã«èããããªãæ¹ãããã ããã
EN
The state of Cosmic Consciousness is undoubtedly the highest that we can at present conceive, but it does not follow that there are not higher nor that we may not eventually attain to higher.
JA
å®å®æèã®ç¶æ ã¯ééããªããçŸåšç§ãã¡ãèãåŸãæé«ã®ãã®ã§ãããããããé«ããã®ããªããšããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããæçµçã«ã¯ããé«ããã®ã«å°éã§ããªããšããããšã§ããããŸããã
EN
With simple consciousness only man is not yet manâhe is the alalus homo. With self consciousness he is what we know him, With CosHonoré de Balzac
JA
åçŽãªæèã§ã¯ã人éã ãããŸã 人éã§ã¯ãªãââ圌ã¯ã¢ã©ã«ã¹ã»ãã¢ã§ãããèªæèãæã£ã圌ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãç¥ã£ãŠãã圌ãã®ãã®ã ãã³ãœãã¬ã»ãã»ãã«ã¶ãã¯ãšãšãã«
EN
rises above it. Specialism opens to man his true career: the Infinite dawns upon himâhe catches a glimpse of his destiny
JA
ãã®äžã«äžãã£ãŠãããŸããå°éæ§ã人éã®çã®ãã£ãªã¢ãéã: ç¡éã圌ã«å€æããåãã - 圌ã¯èªåã®éåœãå£éèŠã
EN
(5 : 144].
JA
(5:144]ã
EN
other level. Man will enter into his heritage and
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ä»ã®ã¬ãã«ã人éã¯èªãã®éºç£ã«å ¥ã蟌ã¿ã
EN
Balzac proceeds as follows:
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ãã«ã¶ãã¯ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«è¿°ã¹ãŠããŸãã
EN
There exists three worldsâthe natural world, the spiritual world, the divine world. Humanity moves hither and thither in the natural world, which is fixed neither in its essence nor in its properties. The spiritual world is fixed in its essence and variable in its properties. The divine world is fixed in its properties and its essence. Consequently there is a material worship, a spiritual worship, a divine worship; which three are manifested by action, word and prayer, or (to express it otherwise) deed, nnderstanding, love. The instinctive desires deeds ; the abstractive turns to ideas; the specialist sees the end, he aspires to God, whom he inwardly perceives or contemplates [5 : 144].
JA
èªç¶çãéçãç¥çãšããäžã€ã®äžçãååšããŸãã人éã¯ãæ¬è³ªãæ§è³ªãåºå®ãããŠããªãèªç¶çã®äžã§ããã¡ããã¡ãã«ç§»åããŸããéçäžçã®æ¬è³ªã¯åºå®ãããŠããŸããããã®æ§è³ªã¯å€åããŸããç¥èãªäžçã¯ããã®æ§è³ªãšæ¬è³ªã«ãããŠåºå®ãããŠããŸãããã®çµæãç©è³ªçãªåŽæãéçãªåŽæãç¥çãªåŽæãååšããŸãããã®äžã€ã¯ãè¡åãèšèãç¥ãããããã¯ïŒå¥ã®èšãæ¹ãããã°ïŒè¡çºãçè§£ãæã«ãã£ãŠè¡šãããŸããæ¬èœçãªæ¬²æ±ã¯è¡çºã§ããæœè±¡çãªãã®ã¯ã¢ã€ãã¢ã«å€ãããŸããå°éå®¶ã¯çµãããèŠãŠãå å¿ã§èªèãããçèãããããç¥ãç±æããŸã[5:144]ã
EN
into his true work,
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åœŒã®æ¬åœã®ä»äºã«ã
EN
mic Consciousness he is as we see him (or rather do not see him; for who of us really sees these men?) in Jesus, Mohammed, Balzac, Whitman. When the race shall have attained to Cosmic Consciousness, as in the far past it attained to self consciousness, another start will be made on anIn other words: The men who live entirely or almost entirely in simple consciousness float on the stream of time as do the animalsâdrift with the seasons, the food supply, etc., etc., as a leaf drifts on a current, not self-moved or self-balanced, but moved by outer influences and balanced by the natural forces as are the animals and the trees. The fully self-conscious man takes stock of himself and is, so to say, self-centered. He feels that he is a fixed point. He judges all things with reference to that point. But outside of himself (we know) there is nothing fixed. He trusts in what he calls God and he does not trust in himâhe is a deist, an atheist, a Christian, a Buddhist. He believes in science, but science is constantly changing and will rarely tell him, in any case, anything worth knowing. He is fixed, then, at one point and moves freely on that. The man with Cosmic Consciousness being conscious of himself and conscious of the Cosmos, its meaning and drift, is fixed both without and within, âtin his essence and in his properties.â The creature with simple consciousness only is a straw floating on a tide, it moves freely with every influence. The self-conscious man is a needle pivoted by its centreâfixed in one point but revolving freely on that. The man with Cosmic Consciousness is the same needle magnetized. It is still fixed by its centre, but besides that it points steadily to the northâit has found something real and permanent outside of itself toward which it cannot but steadily look.
JA
ãã€ã¯ æèã§ã¯ãç§ãã¡ãã€ãšã¹ãã ãã³ããããã«ã¶ãã¯ããã€ãããã³ã®äžã«èŠãŠãããããªïŒãããã¯ãããèŠãŠããªãããšããããããç§ãã¡ã®äžã«ãã®äººãã¡ãå®éã«èŠãŠãã人ãããã§ããããïŒïŒåœŒã¯ããŸããé ãéå»ã«çš®æãèªæèã«å°éããããã«ãçš®æãå®å®æèã«å°éãããšããå¥ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãããªãããã ãããã€ãŸããå®å šã«ããŸãã¯ã»ãŒå®å šã«åçŽãªæèã®äžã§çãã人éã¯ãåç©ãšåãããã«æéã®æµãã«æµ®ããã§ããââèãæµãã«ä¹ã£ãŠæŒã£ãŠããããã«ãå£ç¯ãé£ç©ã®äŸçµŠãªã©ãšãšãã«æŒããèªå·±éåãããèªå·±ãã©ã³ã¹ããšã£ããããã®ã§ã¯ãªããåç©ãçç©ãšåãããã«å€éšããã®åœ±é¿ã«ãã£ãŠåããããèªç¶ã®åã«ãã£ãŠãã©ã³ã¹ãä¿ã£ãŠãããæšã ãå®å šã«èªæèéå°ãªäººã¯ãèªåèªèº«ãèŠã€ããŠãããããã°èªå·±äžå¿çã§ãã圌ã¯èªåãåºå®ç¹ã§ãããšæããŠããŸãã圌ã¯ãã®ç¹ãåºæºã«ããŠããããç©äºã倿ããŸãããããã圌ã®å€ã«ã¯ïŒç§ãã¡ã¯ç¥ã£ãŠããŸããïŒäœãåºå®ãããŠããŸããã圌ã¯ç¥ãšåŒã¶ãã®ãä¿¡é ŒããŠããŸãããç¥ãä¿¡é ŒããŠããŸããã圌ã¯çç¥è«è ã§ãããç¡ç¥è«è ã§ãããããªã¹ãæåŸã§ããã仿åŸã§ãã圌ã¯ç§åŠãä¿¡ããŠããŸãããç§åŠã¯åžžã«å€åããŠããããããã«ãããç¥ã䟡å€ã®ããããšã¯åœŒã«ã»ãšãã©æããŠãããŸãããã€ãŸãã圌ã¯ããç¹ã«åºå®ããããã®äžãèªç±ã«åããŸããå®å®æèãæã£ã人éã¯ãèªåèªèº«ãšå®å®ããã®æå³ãšæŒæµãæèããŠãããå€åŽãšå åŽã®äž¡æ¹ã§åºå®ãããŠããããèªåã®æ¬è³ªãšç¹æ§ãå®ãŸã£ãŠããŸãããåçŽãªæèã ããæã€çãç©ã¯ãæœ®ã«æµ®ãã¶ããã®ãããªãã®ã§ããããã圱é¿ãåããŠèªç±ã«åããŸããèªæèã®ãã人éã¯ããã®äžå¿ã§å転ããéã§ãããäžç¹ã«åºå®ãããŠããŸããããã®äžãèªç±ã«å転ããŸããå®å®æèãæã€äººéã¯ãåãç£åãããéã§ããããã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠãã®äžå¿ã«åºå®ãããŠããŸããããã以å€ã«ãããã¯çå®ã«åãåããŠããŸããããã¯ããããçå®ã«ç®ãåããããåŸãªããèªåã®å€åŽã«çŸå®çã§æ°žç¶çãªäœããèŠã€ããŸããã
EN
When the whole race shall have attained to Cosmic Consciousness our idea of God shall be realized in man.
JA
人é¡å šäœãå®å®æèã«éãããšããç§ãã¡ã®ç¥ã«ã€ããŠã®èãã¯äººéã®äžã§å®çŸãããã§ãããã
EN
Therefore perhaps one day the inverse sense of ef verbo caro factum will be the epitome of a new gospel which will read: and the flesh shall be made the word; it shall become the utterance of God [5 : 145].
JA
ãããã£ãŠããããããã€ã®æ¥ããef verbo caro fatum ã®éã®æå³ã次ã®ãããªæ°ããçŠé³æžã®å žåãšãªãã§ããããããã¯ç¥ã®çºèšãšãªã[5:145]ã
EN
ik resurrection is brought about by the winds of heaven which sweep the worlds. The angel born upon the blast saith not: âYe Dead, arise ;â he saith, âArise, ye livingâ [5 : 145].
JA
埩掻ã¯äžçãå¹ãæãã倩ã®é¢šã«ãã£ãŠããããããŸããç颚ã§çãŸãã倩䜿ã¯ããæ»ãã è ããç«ã¡äžããããšã¯èšããŸããã圌ã¯ããèšããŸãããçããŠããè ããèµ·ããã[5:145]ã
EN
The ââresurrection"â is not of the so-called dead, but of the living who are â'dead"' in the sense of never having entered upon true life.
JA
ã埩掻ãã¯ããããæ»è ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããçã®åœã«å ¥ã£ãããšããªããšããæå³ã§ãæ»ãã ãçè ãã¡ã®ãã®ã§ããã
EN
SUMMARY OF THE CASE OF BALZAC.
JA
ãã«ã¶ãã¯äºä»¶ã®æŠèŠã
EN
a. We do not know of any day and hour when the Cosmic Sense declared itself. 6. We know nothing about a subjective light.
JA
ïœïŒå®å®ã®æèŠãããèªäœã宣èšããæ¥ãšæéãç§ãã¡ã¯ç¥ããŸããã 6. ç§ãã¡ã¯äž»èгçãªå ã«ã€ããŠäœãç¥ããŸããã
EN
c. We know that Balzac had the intensely earnest nature and the spiritual aspiration which seems necessarily to precede, though it often exists without leading up to, illumination.
JA
c.ç§ãã¡ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ãéåžžã«çå£ãªæ§è³ªãšãå¿ ç¶çã«å æã«å ç«ã£ãŠååšããããã«èŠãã粟ç¥çãªé¡æãæã£ãŠããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸãããããã¯ãã°ãã°ç §æã«è³ããã«ååšããŸãã
EN
d. We know that Balzac, after a certain age, had the almost preternatural intellectual and moral qualities which are characteristic of the Cosmic Sense.
JA
d.ç§ãã¡ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ãäžå®ã®å¹Žéœ¢ä»¥éãå®å®çæèŠã®ç¹åŸŽã§ããã»ãšãã©è¶ èªç¶çãªç¥çããã³é埳çç¹è³ªãåããŠããããšãç¥ã£ãŠããŸãã
EN
e. But the proof that Balzac was a case of Cosmic Consciousness rests upon the fact that he has accurately defined and described the mental status so named, and he could not have described the condition if he had not experienced it.
JA
e.ãããããã«ã¶ãã¯ãå®å®æèã®äºäŸã§ãããšãã蚌æ ã¯ããã«ã¶ãã¯ããã®ããã«åä»ãããã粟ç¥ç¶æ ãæ£ç¢ºã«å®çŸ©ãèšè¿°ãããšããäºå®ã«åºã¥ããŠããããã«ã¶ãã¯ããããçµéšããªããã°ããã®ç¶æ ã説æããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ãã§ãããã
EN
J. He not only describes it in great detail, as in â Louis Lambert,â and ascribes it there to himselfâfor that book is openly autobiographic ; but still more, in âââSeraphitaâ he creates a personality in which the Cosmic Sense is the chief element and in the course of the narrative brings in every characteristic feature of the same, and to do this the possession of the Cosmic Sense was an absolute prerequisite.
JA
J. 圌ã¯ããã«ã€ã»ã©ã³ããŒããã®ããã«ããããéåžžã«è©³çްã«èª¬æããŠããã ãã§ãªãããã®æ¬ãå ¬ç¶ãšèªäŒã§ãããããããã§ãããèªåèªèº«ã«åž°ããŠããŸãããããããã«ãããã»ã©ãã£ãŒã¿ãã§ã¯ã圌ã¯å®å®æèŠãäž»ãªèŠçŽ ã§ããäººæ Œãåµé ããç©èªã®éçšã§ãã®ããããç¹åŸŽãæã¡èŸŒãã§ããŸãããããè¡ãã«ã¯ãå®å®æèŠã®ææã絶察çãªåææ¡ä»¶ã§ãããã
EN
g. To any one who realizes what the Cosmic Sense is it is as certain that Balzac possessed it as that he possessed eyesight.
JA
g.å®å®æèŠãäœã§ããããçè§£ããŠãã人ã«ãšã£ãŠããã«ã¶ãã¯ãèŠåãæã£ãŠããã®ãšåãããããå®å®æèŠãæã£ãŠããããšã¯ç¢ºãã§ãã